They also needed an alternative to conventional X-rays. In a clinical linac, X-ray photons are produced by dumping high-energy electrons into a bremsstrahlung target, which is made of a material with a high atomic number, like tungsten or copper. The target slows the electrons, converting their kinetic energy into X-ray photons. It’s an inherently inefficient process that wastes most of the beam power as heat and makes it extremely difficult to reach the ultrahigh dose rates required for FLASH. High-energy electrons, by contrast, can be switched on and off within milliseconds. And because they have a charge and can be steered by magnets, electrons can be precisely guided to reach tumors deep within the body. (Researchers are also investigating protons and carbon ions; see the sidebar, “What’s the Best Particle for FLASH Therapy?”)
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“SK海力士计划在今年上半年完成量产准备工作，并在下半年开始供应产品，从而扩大我们针对人工智能应用优化的传统DRAM产品线，”这家芯片制造商在一份声明中表示。
3月11日，一份声明显示，宝马集团监事会已任命Raymond Wittmann为新任管理委员会成员，其将于5月13日就任，负责生产业务。（界面新闻）
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The US president’s doctrine of lawless military adventures harms American interests and boosts Vladimir Putin